They measure how much of absorbed radiation dose actually have a biologic effect on tissues. For this purpose, an effective dose or dose equivalent is used.ĭose equivalent or Effective dose combines the amount of radiation absorbed and the biological effects of radiation. The relationship between both units is described as below:Ībsorbed dose does not measure the biological effects of radiation on human tissues. Gray is a newer International (SI) unit to measure the absorbed dose. An absorbed dose of 1 rad means 1000 ergs get absorbed in 1 gram of material after radiation exposure. The unit to measure the dosage of deposited energy is rad (radiation absorbed dose) or Gray (Gy). It’s the amount of energy that radioactive waves deposit in any material through which they pass. Ionizing radiation is mainly used for diagnostic purposes.īefore understanding the biological effects of radiation, one should get familiarized with two important medical terminologies in radiology, i.e., absorbed radiation dose and effective dose. Electromagnetic radiations have high energy and can easily penetrate body tissues. Particulate radiation consists of a beam of particles that can be either charged or neutral. Basic examples of electromagnetic radiation are x-rays and gamma rays. Ionizing radiations can be further classified into electromagnetic radiation (matter less) and particulate radiation.Įlectromagnetic radiations are energy packets (photons) traveling in the form of a wave. It can be classified into two categories, i.e., ionizing and non-ionizing type. Radiation is defined as a moving form of energy. This article will attempt to explain how to quantify radiation, the biological effect of radiation, risks to health care workers as a result of radiation exposure, and certain recommendations and tips for various medical professionals. For instance, in the United States, people are exposed to average annual background radiation levels of about 3 mSv exposure from a chest X-ray is about 0.1 mSv, and exposure from a whole-body computerized tomography (CT) scan is about 10 mSv, and that’s one of the reasons why physicians usually miscalculate the potential risks associated with the radiation exposure while performing procedures using radiologic imaging. The amount of radiation used by imaging modalities is negligible as compared to the abovementioned exposures. Much of this agreement is based upon observation of increased incidence of carcinoma in a population surviving a nuclear attack or in uranium miners exposed to radiation at the workplace. It is a general consensus that ionizing radiation is oncogenic in nature.
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